Alaska Shocking By Earthquake - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 689 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/08/06 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: Earthquake Essay Did you like this example? On Friday, November 30, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake hit Anchorage, Alaska shocking many individuals and causing panic for them and their families. The shaking started with a sharp jolt and continued for one minute. The earthquake happened around 8:30 am, and although no deaths were reported, some individuals are being treated for lacerations due to broken glass. Since this natural disaster, Alaska has encountered up to 1,400 anti shocks or smaller earthquakes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Alaskan Governor has issued a declaration of disaster while many others are sharing their videos and photos of the experience to social media. And although the total amount of damage isnt yet clear, according to many reports, the earthquake tore apart roads, ruined stores, and led students to have to evacuate their schools. One student named Josh Bierma uploaded a photo to his Twitter account along with the caption The earthquake straight cracked my school in half. Vine Road, just outside of Anchorage, was extremely demolished along with many others. Even Anchorage Airport was affected due to flooding. Many videos have been uploaded of items flying off of shelves in local grocery stores and Starbucks Coffee. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alaska Shocking By Earthquake" essay for you Create order   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many photos that have been posted are what geologists refer to as slope failure. Slope failure is when portions of solid hills cave in, or are let loose due to gravity. It basically causes the ground to rip in half, which results in whatever may be on top of the ground, for example a building or road, to crumble along with it. Slopes like these arent necessarily caused by earthquakes, rain or other harsh weather may also result in them, but an earthquake speeds up the process or can create new failures that wouldnt originally have happened.The location of the earthquake was a depth of 25 miles beneath the earths surface, raising a threshold for what is felt at the surface.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Typically, Alaska reports an average of 40,000 quakes every year. And even though the most recent 7.0 caused no deaths and minimal injuries, U.S. federal officials chose to declare it a public health emergency. This declaration was made by Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar to make sure Medicaid funds will continue to be issued to those affected even with the temporary closure of these offices. They are also providing federal mental health assistance for those anxious about the earthquake. A hotline opened at 8am on Tuesday, December 4 for anyone who needs help rebuilding after this disaster.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite the extremely damaged roads and freezing temperatures, roads are being repaired rapidly. Just four days after the incident, a freeway ramp at International Airport Road is already being opened up to some traffic. Many of the collapsed roads cracked just as a car was driving over. This caused the car to drop along with the road, frightening the driver, and leaving their car stuck on the piece of sunken road. They were forced to abandon their car until emergency officials could retrieve it at a later time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Two days after the 7.0 magnitude earthquake, Alaska is still in shock and still shaking. Many aftershocks have been reported, with at least 1,400 a 1.0 magnitude. Aftershocks will be less frequent with time but there is an 88 percent chance of a magnitude of 5.0 or even higher. Having an aftershock that is stronger than the original is very unlikely, however there is a possibility of an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 or higher before December 8, although the chances are only 3 percent.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although some structures experienced damage, others didnt. In places where roads cross over wetlands, shaking liquefies the soil underneath, thus causing failure. Different soils underneath may cause a different reaction to the structures when an earthquake hits. With softer soil causing a collapse, firm soil can hold place better keeping the building upright and protecting it. The earthquake also needs to last long enough to liquify the soil, so in dryer climates, destruction was not as typical.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This earthquake continues to be an issue and heartache for families trying to rebuild so close to the holidays. Luckily no one lost their lives due to this natural disaster and the help everyone needs is the help they are going to recieve.

The European Union and European National Sovereignty

How the EU represents supra-nationalism which is having authority and jurisdiction above national governments? What institution in the EU represents this trend? European Union is one the world’s most dramatic examples of economic and political integration. A total of 27 states are compromising their national sovereignty by transferring many areas of their decision-making and authority to a supranational organization. We cannot call the European Union a nation-state because it lacks core responsibility, legal rights and cannot use coercion or punish those who disobey its law, directives and regulations. However, its operation and authority over some economic, political and legislative fields are supra-national and beyond the control of†¦show more content†¦To compare, we can say that the European law is almost like a codified constitution law of a sovereign state where all other laws subordinate the constitution law. Once, regulations are promulgated it would be followed and obeyed by all members which makes the European Union a supranational organization. The European Commission has exclusive decision-making power on external commercial policy, agriculture, environment, internal market, and single currency. It proposes its decisions to the European Parliament and to the Council of Ministers for approval. The European Court of Justice is another institution of the European Union that almost acts like a supranational institution. The ECJ has the right of judicial review over the interpretation of the EU treaties and over the secondary legislation (directives and regulations) issued by the European Commission and approved by the European Council of Ministers. The final verdicts of ECJ over several cases confirm that European law takes precedence over national law. The ECJ argues that all member states have willingly accepted the constraints imposed by European law and have transferred a limited amount of their sovereignty to EEC institutions. Thus, the EEC laws should be granted primacy over national law. Another aspect of EU supra-nationalism is the Single Currency. A single currency challenges the core definition of what it means to beShow MoreRelatedEuropean Union And Its Influence On The State1134 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction European Union is remains one of unique and controversial organisation in nowadays which symbolise the association of European countries with shared sovereignty over socialism and imperial ambitions. President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy once sad that: â€Å"The age of the nation state is over and the idea that countries can stand alone is an ‘illusion’ and a ‘lie’† (Martin D., 2010). 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Destination Marketing Developing an Index for Medical Tourism

Question: Write an individual report outlining a suggested marketing strategy focusing in detail on The Philippines Medical tourism. You should include the following : Clearly discuss the chosen target market Identify and discuss the chosen marketing strategy, identify relevant smart objectives and any relevant strategic issues such as timescales and seasonality Clearly identify and discuss in detail the image and positioning strategy required for this target audience. Clearly outline a tactical marketing campaign, discussing in detail any relevant marketing mix activity. You should make specific reference to any promotional /communication skills mix activity and consider any specific interactive marketing needs, taking into account latest best practice of e-marketing techniques. You should discuss any potential issues and problems with the implementation, control and measurement of your ideas. You should indicate relevant key performance indicators. Answer: Introduction Medical tourism is defined as a term in which the patients travel abroad to avail cheap medical services. Philippine Medical Tourism Inc is a group of individuals with diverse corporate and business backgrounds. Several integration services for medical procedures are offered such as weight-loss, orthopaedic surgery, alternative medicine care, dental procedures and various other segments (Philmedtourism.com 2016). Choice of Target Market For a business to flourish in the domain of medical tourism, that too in the Philippines the firm needs to ascertain its target market. The organization will target the age group of 45-60 and above. However, the marketing communications plan is designed for young professionals as well as the above mentioned age group (Chen and Chen 2012). As this age group constitutes a large portion of the population, the company will get a significantly large client base. This age group is more likely to have ample amount of money in their hand, as most of them are either service holder or businessperson. Therefore targeting his particular segment of the economy will help the company to gain a potential competitive advantage in the economy (Yeoh et al. 2013). Background Issues TOWS Matrix Threats Lack of price transparency Intense competition from emerging destinations Potential crowing out of domestic poor patients Lack of malpractice framework Opportunities Improving global perception of the economy Continued high cost of care engendering medical outsourcing Expansion of medical care segments Increasing demand due to aging population Weaknesses Lack of strong brand recognition internationally Weak synergy between travel service providers and medical service providers Lack of portability of insurance plans among medical tourists Administrative barriers to entry in local government units Strengths Clear price advantage in surgical and medical procedures Captive market Tropical climate and cultural openness Good quality care and top-notch health facilities Large talent pool of English-speaking and qualified tourism professionals Source: (Picazo 2013) Ansoff Growth Matrix Four growth strategies can be adopted by Philippine Medical Tourism Inc. (PMTI). With the application of Ansoff Matrix as under: Market Penetration- PMTI can consider achieving growth in the existing market and product segments. The market share can be increased in comparison with other global competitors (Bachmeier 2013). Market Development- PMTI can extend the market segment with existing products and services in the global market (Bachmeier 2013). Product Development- PMTI may develop a new range of products and services for targeting the existing market segment. Convenience and ease of services may be provided to the medical tourists (Morrison 2013). Diversification- PMTI may grow into new business such as opening a paleo-diet restaurant for the medical tourists. The Paleo-diet restaurant would offer healthy food products that are necessary for the well-being of patients (Crandall 2015). The marketing strategy and communications plan may be discussed by opting the market development strategy. PMTI can consider extending the market through various entry strategies with the existing products and services. Market Entry Strategies The three major strategies imperative to enter the market are mainly, Purchase Strategies, Cooperation Strategies and Development Strategies (Aziz et al. 2015). Purchase Strategies: The strategy allows the organization to utilize the financial resources to enter a market with immediate effect by adopting the adaptive strategy. The three purchase market strategies are; Acquisition, Licensing and Venture Capital investment (Greenhough et al. 2015). Acquisition: These are entry level strategies which propel expansion by the means of purchase of an existing organization. The primary reason for organizations purchasing another enterprise can be for reasons such as obtaining access, to technology, brandings, and also human resources (He 2015). Licensing: Acquisition a product or service or solution may be deemed as an alternative to purchasing of physical unit of company or organization (Babik and Chin-Hong 2015). Venture Capital Investment: It offers the firm with an opportunity to enter and try in the market thereby keeping the risks low as much as possible. For instance, venture capital investment in medical tourism companies including the likes of pharmaceutical as well as biotechnological companies. Venture capital will mitigate the risk as far as finances are concerned. The scope of venture capital being utilized by the firms will amount to nearly, 10 billion dollars per year (Hernandez and Ona 2016). Developmental strategies include internal development, internal ventures, and reconfiguration of the value chain. Here, internal development means the avenue where strategies are developed and built together based on business's capabilities and resources (Pennings 2015). Internal ventures refer to setting-up of independent entities within the organization. Reconfiguring change means the aspect of alteration of activities or sequence of activities which adds value as far as consumer deliverables are concerned (Pennings 2015). Identification of Strategic Issues Current Brand Image and Positioning Based on the above analysis and discussion, it is inferred that PMTI faces the following strategic issues: Reduced attention to building competitiveness- There is increased demand for medical resources from the Filipinos. The market niche has primarily focused on promotion through TV and magazine. The concentration on Filipino market has reduced attention from other potential markets (Hartwell 2014). Lack of portability of insurance plans- Studies found that insurance plans in developed countries did not cover treatment received overseas. Due to the quality of service provided to patients, there is lack of portability of insurance plans thereby limiting medical tourism demand (Guinto et al. 2015). Constraints on the quality of health care services- The medical professional in the medical tourism industry are plenty. But with their high qualification and opportunities for better job overseas the practitioners tend to leave the country resulting in brain drain. Stronger regional competitors- There is a need to develop unique value proposition and a market niche as other competitors such as Singapore, Thailand and India have larger accredited hospitals (Wong, Velasamy and Tengku Arshad 2014). Seasonality- One of the most important factors leading to fluctuation id demand in tourism is seasonality. Different days, weeks and even different times of the day has fluctuating demand for tourism and hospitality. The profitability often suffers during low season periods; this is why marketing has big responsibility to increase the demand during low seasons and even out the demand throughout the year (Noviscape Group 2014). Required Brand Image and Positioning The desired market positioning to attract people from across the world is "Medical value Travel". The positioning of the firm affects the success of the organization largely. The first and foremost factor that has to be kept in mind during determining the positioning strategy is the communication issue. Shalikar and Rahimb (2015) pointed out that the infrastructure and communication in the selected area should be excellent. As the business is concerned with medical issues, it is quite likely that the airport or other transport connectivity should be located as near as possible. This will help the clients to access the firm easily. Again, another requirement is that, as the firm is concerned with medical tourism, the position should be so effective that the patients or the clients could access the attractive places in a convenient and time effective manner. These will help the company to build up a wonderful reputation as well (Noviscape Group 2014). Strategies to Achieve Required Brand Image and Positioning For enhancing the competition, foreign direct investment needs to be encouraged. The government must lift the restrictions and establish competition policies for encouraging healthy competition. For reducing the brain drain and enhancing human resource development, effective messages must be communicated along with providing the workers with benefits. The medical tourism industry must put efforts through marketing tactics to market PMTI. Distinctive products and services must be developed, and various tourism packages can be incorporated for promotion. The medical packages can be promoted through websites and brochures (Wong, Velasamy and Tengku Arshad 2014). SMART Goals and Objectives A set of SMART goals are designed for Philippines Medical Tourism Inc. Stated as under: PMTI will increase the annual guest or tourist arrivals by 20%. The management and infrastructure needs to be redesigned through direct investment of 100,000 Peso (Burrai, Font and Cochrane 2014). PMIT may increase the revenue by 20% in 20 weeks. The staffs must be trained for 6 months for being more hospitable and consistent in providing services to the tourists (Burrai, Font and Cochrane 2014). Marketing Mix Tactics The 4 P's of marketing mix in the industry of medical tourism are laid as under. Product Regarding attracting tourists to the product mix, the hospitals may develop a variety of service packages for the patients. The medical tourists are concerned about the investigation of treatment processes. PMTI must take responsibility of the subsequent potential problems that may be caused to the patients in their country. PMTI would coordinate with the tourism industry and a system of information and marketing must also be developed (Chen and Wilson 2013). Price Regarding the price mix, price is the initial motivational factor for the patients. The high cost of healthcare in the US, price is one of the highest concerns for potential patients, especially those without inclusive health insurance coverage. The patients seek better quality service at lower prices in most developed countries. The patients must be given discounts and charged less tariffs for availing services at PMTI. The firm in consideration may contemplate of offering simple tests, such as blood pressure examination, cholesterol checks, at no cost or reduced prices to raise patient awareness of their services (Eades 2015). Place Essential services, no matter how reasonably priced, must be made accessible to patients, which in turn will be effective for the business. If the services are only available in locations or during hours where the patients cannot access them, then the patients remain at risk and the providers miss out on the opportunity to treat them. Providers can seek out new locations, expand operating hours, offer walk-in or same-day appointments and reach out into local communities to offer more access to healthcare services and stand out from the players (Fisher and Sood 2014). Promotion Considering the promotion mix, the PMTI may consider updating websites, mass media for propaganda and television advertisements. The endorsement of a healthcare provider's service is the most significant facet of the marketing mix, and yet the same remains unnoticed. With the advancement in technology, internet is used by the people at a high pace. Social media sites can be used for promotion of Philippine Medical Tourism. Press releases can be made for maintaining public relations. Brochures, pamphlets, international medical exhibition, can be created for communicating message to the people (Chen and Wilson 2013). People Concerning people mix, PMTI may train the staff and recruit new staff with desired qualifications. The people in the hospitality team must be capable of providing medical tourism services. Medical education programs can be conducted for supporting medical tourism (Han and Hyun 2014). Process PMTI can implement European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Model to drive competition and success. Clinical governance must be assessed so that the patients are informed about care, treatment procedures and the consequences. The patients must be rightly involved in the medical treatment processes (Wongkit and McKercher 2015). Physical Evidence Sufficient attention must be paid in the interior and exterior attractions of the hospitals. The physical infrastructure, greenery and environment must be taken care of. The old hospital building must be renewed so that the health conditions in the hospital can be improved (Jabbari et al. 2013). Communication Mix Communication mix refers to the various methods used to promote products and services to the targeted customers. The age-group targeted for medical tourism promotion is aged 45-60 as they are prone to illness and visit abroad. There are numerous categories that are situated in the overlapping sections, such as the internet, product placement, event management, exhibitions etc. A communication mix strategy is designed for the "Medical Destination Philippines" campaign (Jin, Weber and Bauer 2012). Advertising Medical Destination Philippines campaign can be advertised through broadcasting/ mass advertising and online advertising. The Company intends to expand brand awareness amongst expensive clients by promotional activities in esteemed print publications which will attract the attention of target audience. Print advertisements can be created revealing the scenic beauty in Philippines (Martin, Rosenbaum and Ham 2015). Television commercials can play advertisements for promoting medical tourism in Philippines. Outdoor advertising can be created by posting pictures on billboards, subways and near parks where the people of target age group can view the advertisement. Online advertising can be used for promoting by stating the facilities and services provided by the PMTI at an affordable price. Blogs may be used by the customers who had personal experience and excellence about the destination can be described. Online classified ads can be used assuring the patients with best quality care at c heaper prices (Pike and Page 2014). Direct Marketing The direct marketing tools can be used for addressing the target group effectively. Direct mail can be used for directly hitting the target group. Emails are another source of promoting the campaign as the youth accesses their emails daily (Lee and Fernando 2015). The websites must be updated and designed that is feasible for use by the customers or potential customers. Direct selling can be used for the visitors or tourists visiting the Philippines. The travel agents offices can help in promoting and spreading the message of the destination as medical tourism (Mohamad and Ab Ghani 2014). Internet Marketing Development of best in the class website could be one of the major goals of the firm. One of the best ways to promote the Philippines as a medical tourism destination is through search engine optimization. The websites must offer treatment like weight-loss surgery or dental surgery and various other common as well as rare treatments (Gan and Frederick 2013). Search engine optimization and search engine marketing can be used for creating awareness among the customers searching for such treatment. The keywords such as quality care and cheap prices may be highlighted so that the potential customers land on the official website of Philippine medical tourism (Yeoh, Othman and Ahmad 2013). Social media sites such as Facebook can be used to promote the benefits and packages available at travel destination. YouTube can be used for marketing the scenic beauty and facilities available at the medical centre (Law, Buhalis and Cobanoglu 2014). Sales Promotions The tools such as rebates and discounts can be offered to the medical tourists for a first-time visit. Rebates can also be provided for subsequent visits. Membership cards can be made for the customers for easy access and increasing revenue at PMTI. Special events can be organized by the reputed doctors narrating the details of treatments. Special tourism packages can be offered for the country tourism combining with medical facilities availed for attracting customers and increasing revenue (Mohamad and Ab Ghani 2014). Public Relations Conference speeches and press conferences can be held for spreading the message of Philippines as the medical destination. PMTI can involve in charities, communities and events as corporate social responsibility stunt. Other publicity stunts can be organized that would attract customers and potential customers. Healing Philippines' can be used as a campaign and publicity and maintaining public relations (Michaelidou et al. 2013). Implementation and Control The above communication tools focus on delivering the medical tourism messages. Television advertising is good for informing the target consumers visually of benefits. Sales promotion can encourage customers to avail products and services at medical destination Philippines. The online advertising tools are perceived of greatest value to the customers as it is easily accessible. Major focus and investment must be laid on internet advertising and promotion. Public relations score high as it is valued critically by the target audience. As a matter of fact, the firm requires around 400,000 Peso to kick-off its operations and achieve a sustainable cash-flow from its varied activities (Kim et al. 2015). The firm aims to accomplish some profitability by the end of a year since establishment. The initial marketing activity may assist the business to achieve the base level as far as sales are concerned. The management is conscious of having not much of initial debts or other liabilities (Cons tantin 2015). Conclusion Philippine Medical Tourism Inc is a group of individuals with diverse corporate and business backgrounds. There is a need to develop unique value proposition and a market niche as other competitors such as Singapore, Thailand and India have larger accredited hospitals. The desired market positioning to attract people from across the world is "Medical Value Travel." The positioning of the firm affects the success of the organization largely. Medical Destination Philippines campaign can be advertised through broadcasting/ mass advertising and online advertising, direct marketing, internet marketing, sales promotions and public relations. The Company intends to expand brand awareness amongst expensive clients by promotional activities in esteemed print publications which will attract the attention of target audience. The online advertising tools are perceived of greatest value to the customers as it is easily accessible. Major focus and investment must be laid on internet advertising an d promotion. The impediment that may arise while implementing the strategies may be the problem of segmentation of the market. It is not that easy to segregate a nearly homogeneous market. Therefore, the company officials should be careful while segmenting the market. Again, targeting a particular population may always not be the ultimate solution. The company should also look for the young professionals who may also be interested to take the services of the company. Therefore, the company should also focus on the younger generation as well. Product designing, should also be done carefully, so that the products become efficient enough to attract potential customers. There is another difficulty that the company will face, while designing the product, as the tastes and preferences of the customers are different across the population the type of product as per their likings will be very different. Therefore, the company will have to design a diverse and wide range of products. 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New York: Victory Belt Publishing. Gan, L. and Frederick, J., 2013. Medical Tourists: Who Goes and What Motivates Them?.Health Marketing Quarterly, 30(2), pp.177-194. Greenhough, B., Parry, B., Dyck, I. and Brown, T., 2015. Introduction: The gendered geographies of bodies across borders.Gender, Place Culture,22(1), pp.83-89. Guinto, R., Zuwasti Curran, U., Suphanchaimat, R. and Pocock, N., 2015. Universal health coverage in One ASEAN: are migrants included?.Global Health Action, 8(0). Han, H. and Hyun, S., 2014. Medical Hotel in the Growth of Global Medical Tourism.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 31(3), pp.366-380. Hartwell, H., 2014. Medical Tourism: The Ethics, Regulation and Marketing of Health Mobility.Tourism Management, 45, pp.1-2. He, A.J., 2015. 41. Transplantation tourism in Asia: snapshot, consequences and the imperative for policy changes.Handbook on Medical Tourism and Patient Mobility, p.411. Hernandez, A.A. and Ona, S.E., 2016. 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The antecedents and outcomes of the medical tourism supply chain.Tourism Management, 46, pp.148-157. Lunt, N., Horsfall, D. and Hanefeld, J., n.d.Handbook on medical tourism and patient mobility. Martin, D., Rosenbaum, M. and Ham, S., 2015. Marketing tourism and hospitality products worldwide: Introduction to the special issue.Journal of Business Research, 68(9), pp.1819-1821. Michaelidou, N., Siamagka, N., Moraes, C. and Micevski, M., 2013. Do Marketers Use Visual Representations of Destinations That Tourists Value? Comparing Visitors' Image of a Destination with Marketer-Controlled Images Online.Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), pp.789-804. Mohamad, M. and Ab Ghani, N., 2014. Comparing Destination Image and Loyalty between First-time and Repeat-visit Tourists.SHS Web of Conferences, 12, p.01047. Morrison, A., 2013.Marketing and managing tourism destinations. New York: Routledge. Noviscape Group, 2014.Towards Innovative, Liveable, and Prosperous Asian Megacities: Medical Tourism. [online] Issuu. Available at: https://issuu.com/noviscape/docs/03-manila-medical-tourism [Accessed 28 Mar. 2016]. Pennings, G., 2015. 34. Ethics of medical tourism.Handbook on Medical Tourism and Patient Mobility, p.341. Philmedtourism.com, 2016.Philippine Medical Tourism Inc. (PMTI) :: About Us :: Who We Are. [online] Philmedtourism.com. Available at: https://www.philmedtourism.com/default/about-us/who-we-are [Accessed 28 Mar. 2016]. Picazo, O., 2013.Health-enhancing holidays: challenges in expanding medical tourism in the Philippines. Policy Notes. [online] p.7. Available at: https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/webportal/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidspn1311.pdf [Accessed 28 Mar. 2016]. Pike, S. and Page, S., 2014. Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: Anarrative analysis of the literature.Tourism Management, 41, pp.202-227. Shalikar, S. and Rahimb, N.A., 2015. Evaluation of the relationship between knowledge management capability factors and the role of Information Technology of Medical Tourism Industry.Technology,3(04), pp.337-347. Wong, K., Velasamy, P. and Tengku Arshad, T., 2014. Medical Tourism Destination SWOT Analysis: A Case Study of Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and India.SHS Web of Conferences, 12, p.01037. Wongkit, M. and McKercher, B., 2015. Desired Attributes of Medical Treatment and Medical Service Providers: A Case Study of Medical Tourism in Thailand.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 33(1), pp.14-27. Yeoh, E., Othman, K. and Ahmad, H., 2013. Understanding medical tourists: word-of-mouth and viral marketing as potent marketing tools.Tourism Management,34, pp.196-201.

Marketing Baskin-Robbins free essay sample

Amul is the biggest brand in the pouched milk sector in the world and in India it is the biggest food brand. It was set up in 1946 and its full form is Anand Milk- producers Union Ltd. The Brand Amul is a movement in dairy cooperative in India. The management of the brand name is done by the Gujarat Co- operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd (GCMMF which is a cooperative organization. Amuls range of products includes milk, ghee, milk powders, curd, ice cream, paneer, cream, chocolate, cheese, butter, and shrikhand. Amul Ice Cream was launched on 10th March, 1996 in Gujarat. Now we have decided we will launch Amul Ice-Cream in Bangladesh which will include fat free ice cream and ice cream with different flavors. Amul ice cream will launch on the platform of ‘Real Milk’. ‘Real Ice Cream’ given that it is a milk company and the wholesomeness of its products gives it a competitive advantage. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Baskin-Robbins or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page BUSINESS PROFILE: A business profile is a marketing document designed to catch the attention of and inform potential purchaser about the company’s goods and services. AMUL has the largest distribution network among any FMCG company. AMUL is also the largest exporter of dairy products in the country. AMUL is available today in over 40 countries of the world. MISSION: Mission statement is a statement of the organization’s purpose and describes that what the organization wants to accomplish in the large environment. In other words it is a statement that spells out that what the company is, what it does and where is it headed. Amul is aimed to create an opportunity for its customers with variety of ice-creams and different taste of ice-creams. Its mission is to be the first ice-cream for the ice-cream lovers and to create the top position. Vision: Vision statement is a general statement of less intended direction that evokes emotional feeling in organizational members. It believes that within the next three years it will grow into a demanding ice-cream in BANGLADESH through careful business planning and implementation. The vision trigger will emphasize the premium quality of its products. OBJECTIVE: Our initial objective is to create awareness among 60% customers within 6 months. We will aware those customers who are conscious about their health. Customers can differentiate Amul from other competitors in terms of Service product quality, Dedication andVariety. Quality Service: We consider quality to be the cornerstone of our future success. Our production departments will be responsible for ensuring quality. Their objectives will be to make sure that product: Satisfy consumers’ needs. Can be produced cost efficiently. Operate in the way they should. Confirm to safety standards set by the legislations and independent b odies. Dedication: Our dedicated staffs set Amul from other similar businesses. Our company is dedicated towards the society, suppliers, consumers and employees. Our workers believe that every thing they do or don’t affect the customers. Variety: Amul offers a wide range of ice-cream suiting our customers’ needs and wants. We are planning to make fat free ice-creams. Current Market Share: Business Portfolio : The collection of business and products that make up the company. The company must: Analyze its current business portfolio and decide which business should receive more, less or no investment. Develop growth strategies for adding new products or business to the portfolio Bread spreads : Amul Butter Amul Lite Low Fat Bread spread Amul Cooking Butter Delicious Margarine Milk Powders: Amul Full Cream Milk Powder Amulya Dairy Whitener Amul Mithaimate Sweets : Amul Mithaee Khoya Gulabjamaun Amul Basundi Amul Taaza Toned Milk 3% fat Amul Gold Full Cream Milk 6% fat Amul Slim Trim Double Toned Milk 1. 5% fat Amul Saathi Skimmed Milk 0% fat Amul Cow Milk Curd Product: Amul Masti Dahi (fresh curd) Amul Lite Dahi Amul Lassee Amul ice cream Amul Chocolate Confectionery: Amul Fruit Nut Milk Drink Amul Kool Flavoured Milk (Mango, Strawberry, Saffron, Cardamom, Rose, Chocolate, Butterscotch) Amul Kool Cafe Amul Kool Koko Health Beverage Amul Shakti White Milk Food Strategic Business Unit: A unit of the company that has a separate mission objectives and that can be planned independently from other company business. A SBU can be a company division, a product line within a division or sometimes a single product or brand. BCG Matrix: The use of quantified performance measures and targets can be illustrated by an approach developed by the Boston Consulting Group (BCG). BCG, a nationally known management consulting firm, advises its client to locate the position of each of its SBU’s on a growth share matrix. BCG Matrix for SBU’s of AMUL Stars: It has high growth, high market share. Stars are leader in business. They also require heavy investment to maintain its larger market share. It leads to large amount of cash consumption cash generation. Attempts should be made to hold the market share otherwise the star will become a cash cows. Cash Cows: It has low growth, high market share. They are foundation of the company often the stars of yesterday. They generate more cash than required. They extract the profits by investing as little cash as possible. They are located in an industry that is mature, not growing or declining. Dogs: It has low growth, low market share. Dogs are cash traps, it do not have potential to bring in much cash. Number of dogs in the company should be minimized. Business is situated at a declining stage. Question marks: It has high growth, low market share. Most business starts with question marks. They will absorb great amount of cash if the market share remains unchanged. Question marks have potential to become stars and eventually cash cows but can also become a dogs. Investment should be higher for question mark. Amul ice cream is the most promising question mark SBU, which will eventually turn out to be a star, if investment is made on it. STARS Amul Butter Amul Tazza Amulya Dairy WhitnerQUESTION MARKS Amul Ice-Cream Amul Chocolate Amul Masti Dahi Mitha Mate CASH COWS Mozarella Cheese Amul Pizza Base Amul Tazza Fresh Milk DOGS Infant Milk Range Amul Shakti Nutramul Diversification: Diversification is the strategy for company growth starting up or acquiring business outside the company’s current products and markets. The goal of diversification is to reduce the risk in a portfolio. Diversification reduces both the upside and downside potential and allows for more consistent performance under a wide range of economic conditions. Amul’s Product Diversification: DairyNon DairyFresh milkVegetable OilMilk drinks desertSnacksBread SpreadInstant FoodCheese Products Diversification Strategies: Seeking unfamiliar products or markets or both in the pursuits of growth. Secrets of Amul’s Diversification Philosophy: Progressive addition of higher value products while maintaining the desired growth in existing products. Amul introduced products with consistent value addition but never left the core philosophy of â€Å"providing quality at a basic, affordable price†. Benefits of Diversification: Higher growth: Introducing new products to new segments according to consumer needs will lead to high market growth and economies of scale. Expansion of network: Wide network will help Amul products to reach maximum consumers. Advantages of each underline products Market segmentation: Market segmentation means, dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics, or behavior and who might require separate products or marketing programs. Customer based market segmentation: As a part of marketing activities we have divided our market into different sections. Demographic segment (age and gender) Geographic segment Psychographic segment Industry based segmentation: We will provide our ice cream according to these segments. Restaurant Confectionary and retailers’ shop Coffee shops Targeting: Targeting is the process of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter. By collecting information and by consulting with people we have chosen our desired segments. We have targeted kids and youth from age group people women from gender division, these two groups are from demographic segment. From geographic segment we have targeted Chittagong and Dhaka regions for distributing our ice cream to the target customers. We will offer fat free ice cream which is specially made for health conscious people; these people are fallen into psychographic segment. Positioning: Positioning is arranging for a product to occupy a clear, distinctive and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers. Amul ice cream is already very renowned in South Asian countries. People are accustomed with this product and are quite confident about its quality. Placing a product in that part of the market where it will receive a favorable reception compared to competing products. Low Priced Amul Ice Creams made Kwality Walls life hell. So Amul ice cream has a superior image in peoples mind than any other ice cream. Differentiation: It is actually differentiating the market offering to create superior customer value. To produce ice cream we use the major ingredient which is milk is supplied from our own dairy firm. So we ensure the best quality to our consumers, which differentiate our ice cream from other ice creams. Besides, we will try to make sure that people can get our product available at any quantity and size they want to consume. Marketing Mix : Marketing mix is the mix of controllable marketing variables that the firm uses to purse the desired level of sales in the target market, consists of four element product, pricing, channels of distribution (placement) and communication (promotion). A marketer who has selected a target market is able to plan a marketing mix to create successful exchanges with its members. Importance of Marketing Mix : The four marketing mix element are interrelated, decisions in one area affect action in another. To illustrate design of a marketing mix certainly affected by whether a firm chooses to complete on the basis of price on one or more other elements. When a firm relies on price as its primary competitive tool, the other elements must be designed to support aggressive pricing. Each marketing mix element contains countless alternatives. For instance, a producer may make market one product or many, and they may be related or unrelated to each others. The product(s) may be distributed through wholesalers, to retailers without the benefit of wholesalers, or even directly to final consumers. Ultimately, from the multitude of alternative, management must select a combination of elements that will satisfy target markets and achieve organizational and marketing goals. 4ps of Amul: Product : The actual good or service that a marketer offers a target market, also the many ways in which the good or service is enhanced to satisfy the customer. As we have mention before we will like to export Amul ice-cream to Bangladesh. It is non-durable consumer goods. We are looking forward to export sugar free ice-cream along with other regular ice-cream. The ice-cream like to exports are as follow: Amul Ice-cream : Vanilla Royale . Royal Treat Range : (butter scotch, rajbhag, malai kulfi) Nut-o- Mania Range : (Kaju draksh, kesar pista royale, fruit bonanza, raosted almpnd) Natures Treat : (Alphanso Mango, Fresh Litchi, Shahi Anjir, Fresh Strawberry, Black Currant, Fresh Pineapple. ) Sundae Range : (Chocobar, Dollies, Frostik, Ice-candies, Tricone, Choco-crunch, Mega bite, Cassatla. ) Utterly Delicious : (Vanila, Strawberry, Chocolate, Chocochips, Cake Magic. ) Specialty of our product is that, we are providing our customers with a wide verity of choice. And we are the first ones to offer fat-free ice-cream in Bangladesh and which will give us competitive advantage. The sugar free ice-cream of Amul will be produce by their fat-free products like skimmed milk and sugar free. Price : The element of the marketing mix that consists of setting prices that support the organization’s marketing strategy. Amul is aiming to follow low cost strategy. In case of exporting, Amul ice-cream in Bangladesh we are planning to add a value of 15% after calculating our production and transportation cost. At the same time we are determine not to set the price much lower than the competitors price, because this might be hamper our brand image. In one word we can say that for setting the price of Amul ice-cream we will follow both cost based pricing and competitors based pricing. Place: Place is the element of the marketing mix that consists of getting the product to the target market so that it will be convenient to buy. As ice-cream is such a product who’s availability, we are planning to follow intensive distribution process for distributing ours product. But first we would export our product to some selected cities of Bangladesh, like Dhaka, Chittagong and Syhlet and if we get a good response then we would export it in other areas as well. Our distribution channel will be: Promotion : The element of the marketing mix that involves informing target markets, such as advertising , personal selling ,publicity , sales promotions etc. We will use certain promotional tools to promote our Product, which will be both profitable and effective to aware, the customer about the arrival of our product in Bangladesh. And as well as convince the customers to consume Amul Ice-cream. The Promotional tools that we will use are as follows: Advertisement : We will advertise our product firstly through television. Though it will be quite expensive, still it will be able to attract a huge number of people. Our second advertising media will be newspaper and magazines. It will be relatively cheaper but will be effective in influencing our consumers. The attractive packaging of our product will also be able to act as an impressive advertisement for our product. Sales Promotion : Sales Promotion means to boost up sales in a timely manner. We are planning to supply our product to different occasional programs at a relative low price, from our competitors, for the first six months since we enter the market of Bangladesh. Public Relation : Amul has conducted many programs in India like Voice of India, Chote Ustaad, Master Chef and a lot more which made us come closer to our consumers. We aim to conduct similar shows in Bangladesh to improve our brand image in the eyes of people. Competitors: Igloo: Abdul Monem Ltd (AML) is one of the largest and the most successful corporate houses in Bangladesh maintaining leadership position in all our business ventures. AML manufactures Igloo ice-creams, a Pioneer brand. Polar: Polar ice-cream manufactures the best value ice-cream using the highest quality ingredients. It is most popular range of ice-cream. It is a perfectly balanced recipe that is designed to give a ‘Full-Cream’ taste and texture. Movenpick: Movenpick Ice-cream is a brand of ice-cream of Swiss. Origin produced by the Nestle Corporation. Movenpick ice-cream is now available in more than 0 countries. Baskin Robbins: Baskin Robbins is a premium ice-cream! It is delicious and delightful for any occasion. Baskin Robbins is the world’s largest chain of ice-cream, with shops in 33 countries. It is well known for its 31 flavor of hard ice-cream. But one of our advantages is that in Bangladesh there is no fat free ice-cream to give us competition. SWOT Analysis: SWOT analysis is a simple framework for generating strategic alternatives from a situation analysis. It is applicable to either the corporate level or the business unit level and frequently appears in marketing plans. SWOT (sometimes referred to as TOWS) stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strength: It describes the resources and the skills that a company has acquired. What is the difference from the company? What can we improve? We provide products of high quality at low price. Annual Turnover of We have a highly diverse Product Mix. Weakness: Describes the factors in which a company has unfavorable position with regard to the competence, in order to make the internal analysis. Food items come with a short life. Alliances with third party. Opportunities: It describes the possible markets, business niches that can be seen by everyone, but if they are not recognized on time that would mean the loss of the competitive advantage. No competitors in the fat free sector of our Ice-Cream. Diversify product portfolio to enter new product categories. Threats: It describe the factors that can put in danger the survival of the organization, if they are recognized on time they can dodge or they can become opportunities. There are a huge number of competitors in terms of our regular Ice-Cream. Growing price of milk is increasing the production cost of our product. Key to Success: Quality: We will maintain the most possible superior quality for our product. Goodwill: In India the goodwill of Amul is at a high position. As we know, India is our neighboring country. So, we can easily use the goodwill Amul in Bangladesh and gain success within a short time. Value for money: Customer will get more than what they pay because we will keep service fair and provide the best that we can. Service: We provide high quality ice-cream . Because we think about the quality rather than the quantity and we will provide proper service to the customers. Technology: We will innovative technology. And we will use that technology which will reduce cost of production. Availability: Will make sure that Amul ice-cream will become available in most of the retail shops of Bangladesh. So that consumers can easily acquire it. Health Consciousness: Now-a-days people think a lot about their health and figure. High cholesterol act as a threat to our physic. Amul fat free ice-cream will allows the consumer to the advantage of enjoying ice-cream is threat raising their cholesterol. Conclusion: After all the research finally we hope that we will be able to successfully launch our product along with a good strategy for selling it. We will try our best to efficiently fulfill our customers’ expectation with our high quality product, within a given period of time. Our aim is to produce cheaper goods that fit the conditions of the country in which we are starting our business and the needs of the people. Contribution Chart: Name IDPart Asma Alam0931019Introduction, Company profile, Mission, Vision, Objective, Current market share. Syeda Kauser Farid0931016Business portfolio, Identify SBU, Diversification. Nahid Hasina Sarwar0931026Market segmentation, Targeting, Positioning, Differentiation. Sazzad Hasan0931043Marketing Mix, Importance and Developing of Marketing Mix. Sumyra Mamun Chy0931047SWOT analysis, Key to success, Competitors, Conclusion

Political Effects Of The Renaissance Essays - Medieval Philosophy

Political Effects Of The Renaissance Essays - Medieval Philosophy Political Effects of the Renaissance History has shown us how civilizations evolve over time. Broadly interpreted, the age of Diocletian marked a decisive stage in the transition from the classical, the Greco-Roman, civilization of the ancient Roman Empire to the Christian-Germanic civilization of the early Middle Ages. Similarly interpreted, "the age of the Renaissance marked the transition from the civilization of the Middle Ages to the modern world"(Ferguson 1). Therefore, the Renaissance is the beginning of the modern world and modern government. In law the tendency was to challenge the abstract dialectical method of the medieval jurists with a philological and historical interpretation of the sources of Roman Law. As for political thought, the medieval proposition that the preservation of liberty, law, and justice constitutes the central aim of political life was challenged but not overthrown by Renaissance theorists. They contended that the central task of government was to maintain security and peace. Machiavelli maintained that the creative force (virtj) of the ruler was the key to the preservation of both his own position and the well-being of his subjects, an idea consonant with contemporary politics. Italian city-states were transformed during the Renaissance from communes to territorial states, each of which sought to expand at the expense of the others. Territorial unification also took place in Spain, France, and England. The process was aided by modern diplomacy, which took its place beside the new warfare when the Italian city-states established resident embassies at foreign courts. By the 16th century, the institution of permanent embassies spread northward to France, England, and the Holy Roman Empire. Renaissance churchmen, particularly in the higher echelons, patterned their behavior after the mores and ethics of lay society. The activities of popes, cardinals, and bishops were scarcely distinguishable from those of secular merchants and political figures. At the same time, Christianity remained a vital and essential element of Renaissance culture. Preachers, such as San Bernardino of Siena, and theologians and prelates, such as Sant'Antonino of Florence, attracted large audiences and were revered. Moreover, many humanists were concerned with theological questions and applied the new philological and historical scholarship to the study and interpretation of the early church fathers. The humanist approach to theology and scripture may be traced from the Italian scholar Petrarch to the Dutch scholar Desiderius Erasmus; it made a powerful impact on Roman Catholics and Proteezts. Some medievalists contend that the inflated eloquence and dull neoclassicism of much humanist writing undermine the claim that the Renaissance was a turning point in Western civilization. Although these contentions are valid to some degree, the Renaissance clearly was a time in which long-ezding beliefs were tested; it was a period of intellectual ferment, preparing the ground for the thinkers and scientists of the 17th century, who were far more original than the Renaissance humanists. The Renaissance idea that humankind rules nature is akin to Sir Francis Bacon's concept of human dominance over nature's elements, which initiated the development of modern science and technology. Medieval notions of republicanism and liberty, preserved and defended with classical precedents by Renaissance thinkers, had an indelible impact on the course of English constitutional theory and may have been a source for the conception of government espoused by the Founding Fathers of American constitutionalism. Above all, however, "the age of the Renaissance marked a decisive stage in the transition from Middle Ages to the modern world"(Ferguson 1). - Morgan, Michael. Classics of Moral and Political Theory. Indianapolisis: Hacket Publishing Company, 1992. 417-419. Ferguson, Wallace. The Renaisance. New York: Harper & Row Publishing Inc., 1963. 1-29

S Dickens, innit - Emphasis

S Dickens, innit S Dickens, innit He began by turning Shakespeare into txt spk. Now its Dickens for da yoof of today. Martin Baum, a father from Bournemouth, has rewritten Dickens in yoof-speak in order he claims to get children interested in reading. Kids today have invented their own language, says Baum. And I use this language to try and engage them. Judge his alleged mission as you will, while you contemplate his opening to Da Tale of Two Turfs: It was da best of times and, not being funny or nuffing, but it was da worst of times, to be honest

CMG301 MOD 4 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CMG301 MOD 4 SLP - Essay Example In addition, partnership agreements can help better realize goals such as a safe work environment, resolution of issues without litigation, timely completion, and minimum disruption to the environment, and achieve a more client-focused design with reduced errors and omissions (Galey and Pagrzeba 124). Capital Roofing Company, in addition to partnering with the owners of 123 First Street, Seattle, can also partner with roofing materials suppliers to better ensure reliability of pricing and supply during the lifetime of the project. Partnerships with providers of Roof Diagnostics services or Preventative Maintenance Programs, or Photovoltaic Systems and Green Roofing can also add value that the owners may desire, in order to reduce their carbon footprints or to save money in the long-run through efficiency gains. Haltenhoff, C. Edwin and Rita A. Gregory. â€Å"Partnering on Small Construction Projects.† Discussion. Journal of Construction Engineering & Management 127.4 (2001): 346-7. EBSCOhost. Web. 12 Sep.

Tax Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tax Planning - Essay Example Tax avoidance is the process of planning business transactions in a manner that legally minimizes the amount of taxes due. The four maxims of tax planning are built around the premises of helping businesses work around tax liabilities. 1) Businesses turn over profits to entities that fall within lower tax rates. Reducing tax liabilities can be accomplished through both shifting income to lower-tax rate entities and shifting deductions to higher-tax rate entities. 2) Shift taxable income to a later time period as, in present value terms, tax costs decrease and cash flows increase when the liability is deferred to a later taxable year. This should be done taking into consideration the opportunity costs involved due to shifting income to another year as well as the possibility of tax rate changes in the following year. 3) Due to the differences in state and country laws, it is possible to gain tax advantage by shifting income to a lower-rate tax jurisdiction. This opens up planning oppo rtunities of tax planning for companies which have global presence. 4) By shifting income from business activities to more tax-favored instruments like government bonds, companies can take advantage of preferential tax rates. Businesses, therefore, arrange transactions in such a way that income is shifted to heads which are subject to preferential tax rates. Tax planning thus requires the researcher to consider all fields of income generation and the entity, jurisdiction, time and character of income. An important aspect of tax planning is tax research. Tax research is required to determine the tax consequences of a transaction, either before or after the transaction is done. In case of a closed-fact transaction, the facts surrounding the transaction are recorded and hence, can no longer be subject to the client's control. Conversely, an open-fact transaction is one which the business is proposing to undertake and hence is subject to the client's control. In such cases, a tax adviser can help create facts to support the transaction that will help them influence the tax consequences of that transaction. The role of the tax researcher is to determine the optimal business decisions that its client firm should make, as they relate to tax. When the tax consequences for a firm differ among decision alternatives, tax researchers help to identify the most optimal course of action for management to make in order to maximize their after-tax income. Tax research is a six step process that encompasses all activities required by a researcher to understand the transaction and gather data to support it. The first step involves a thorough understanding of the business transaction and the facts surrounding it. It is important for a tax researcher to acquaint himself with the non-tax features of the transaction before moving onto the tax implications. Once the researcher is done analyzing the non-tax features of the transaction; he moves onto the second step, which is identifying the tax issues suggested by the transaction. The identification of issues lead to formulation of tax research questions. The third step involves the most important component of tax research, which is locating the relevant authority to

The Crucible - Write two diary extracts Essay Example for Free

The Crucible Write two diary extracts Essay The other night the other girls and I went out to the woods with Tituba. We were dancing to Titubas song. I should not really be telling you this but I drank a blood charm and Mercy was dancing naked also. Parris saw us in the woods. When we saw him, we all ran away. We forgot about the kettle in the grass. He didnt know that I had drunk blood and I made sure that the girls would not say anything more than that we danced. The charm was to kill Proctors wife, Elizabeth. Shes a lying, cold, snivelling woman. Proctor is the love of my life. He could have so much better than her-he could have me! I heard that Betty was lying still and she would not wake up, I was worried at first but when I went to see her I realised it was just an act to get her out of trouble for dancing. Shes young and very worried. I shook her and frightened her and then she woke up. I told her that her Papa knew about the dancing- that I had told him. She mentioned the charm, I was worried. I still am worried that somebody might find out. I threatened the girls. I know they wont disobey ME. Theyre young and feeble. If anyone spills, Ill get them in the black of the night! Uncle was interrogating me about it all day. He was accusing me of witchcraft. He asked me if I had cast spells. I blamed it all on Tituba. Tituba cast all the spells-we couldnt have cast spells without her! Its all her fault, but deep down I know it isnt her fault. I couldve stopped it. I didnt have to cast spells but I wanted to. I swore blind and told him I did nothing but dance. I didnt want to lie, but if anyone found out that I had cast spells Id be in serious trouble. The only punishment for dancing is whipping! I spoke with John earlier. I know that he desires me but he just can not bring himself to say it. I get so angry when I think about that evil woman at home waiting for him. How come she can have him but I cant? Shes even blackening my name in the village now! Im just waiting and waiting until he realises what is best for him-until he comes for me! I was scared of Hale-hes a powerful man. I had to lie to him over and over again. Uncle told Hale that he saw a kettle in the grass, so then all I got was questions and questions. I thought I was in trouble when I mentioned the frog, but I saved myself by blaming Tituba! I told them that she made me drink blood and cast the spells. Tituba tried to save herself but, of course, they believed ME! The conversation became too complicated so I decided to confess. I opened myself, I told them I wanted the light of God, to leave the Devil and to go back to Jesus! I cried out, I saw Sarah Good with the devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! Betty woke up and joined in with me. I blamed only the old at first, but Ive yet to call out Elizabeths name! I dont mean to harm the old but theres no way that Im getting in trouble for it, and if that means them being hanged-so be it! It was perfect, it was hard proof, hard as rock! PROCTOR Dear diary, I came in from planting very late today. I had to finish right to the forest edge, and it was very tiring. I was glad to come home and see Elizabeth had cooked me dinner. It was rabbit. I slipped some salt in the pot while she was with the children- so it was very tasty and well seasoned! Elizabeth seemed upset, she thought Id been to Salem because I was so late back. I had thought about going there, but I had thought better of it since. I suddenly became very angry because Elizabeth told me that Mary Warren had been to Salem during the day and it sounds like she was too feeble to stop her. Apparently the court have power to hang those accused so Elizabeth wants me to go to Salem to save them from being hanged. She wants me to fight against Abigail; to tell the court that Abigail said it was naught to do with witchcraft that its all a fraud. I dont understand why they believe her anyway, but they do and thats what matters. No- one else can stop this whole fraud! I have no evidence so how can I prove that Abigails lying? Elizabeth believes I hesitate because it will hurt Abigail. All I can do is try. I realised what I had said to Elizabeth about Abigail- She told it to me in a room alone. Elizabeth is very suspicious about it and questions me, but she doesnt believe me. I feel like Im being judged by her, like Im in court. I have gone tiptoe since Abigail and I will not keep being judged. Shes lost all faith in me now. I cant believe what is going on here. There have been thirty-nine women arrested and Goody Osburn is to be hung! Sarah Good confessed that she had dealt with the Devil so she survives! Am I the only one that can see that this whole thing is a fraud? I just cannot believe that a Christian girl like Mary could allow old woman to be hanged. Elizabeth is very worried. She found out that she had been accused. It was dismissed, but she thinks that Abigail will cry out her name every day until she gets taken in. I tried to reassure her but it was no use because she wouldnt listen. Hale appeared from no-where, it startled me. He mentioned church; asked why I am so often absent. I tried to explain myself but I knew it was no use as he continued to question me. I could not believe it when Cheever came with a warrant for Elizabeth, good and pure as she is. She stands accused by Abigail. Abigail made sure that the poppet was placed in my house then acted a part testifying it was Elizabeth who pushed the needle in. No one can see that the accuser may not be holy. Those crazy children are deciding our fates! When I heard the clank of the chain I cried. I could not breathe. No one sees the truth. Even Hale is a coward! What do I do now? I must confess the truth in court and show that Abigail is a liar, but I cannot ruin my good name in the village. If I do have the courage to Abigail will charge me with lechery but I cannot let Elizabeth die for me- she is too full of goodness. I will go to court tomorrow and I hope I will be strong enough to see justice is done!

Ancient Egyptian Greek and Roman Stele Essay -- essays papers

Ancient Egyptian Greek and Roman Stele Just as we use tombstones to mark graves and commemorate our dead, so too did ancient civilizations. One way to do so in the ancient world was through the use of steles. A stele is a stone slab, usually decorated in relief and inscribed, that honored the death of a person. Three of the ancient cultures that had implemented the use of the stele were the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. In comparing an example from each civilization, it is possible to see the evolution of the stele from one period to another and the different influences each civilization had on a single element. The Egyptians had many ways to honor their dead, including the stele. Wealthy Egyptians, especially officials and priest, often had stele placed near their tombs. These steles usually told of the name, position/rank, and the epithets of the deceased along with a funerary prayer. (Gee 224) One such example is the Funerary Stele from Dendereh from the First Intermediate Period (ca. 2150 BCE). (University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology) This stele belongs to a man named Tjaunty, an official during the First Intermediate Period. The stele depicts Tjaunty on the far left of the rectangular slab. The other two-thirds of the stele are reserved for inscriptions of hieroglyphs. The depiction of Tjaunty is characteristic of the Egyptian style. The purpose of the Egyptian style was to represent the human form in the clearest and most complete way. The head is shown in profile but with the eye in a frontal position. The reason for this is that the head is more distinct from the profile position; the eyes, on the other hand, are more representative from the frontal view. The shoulders are presented frontally with the waist, hips, legs, and feet in profile. (Gee 18) In Tjaunty's funerary stele, Tjaunty is presented in this very distinct way. He is also shown with the symbols of his position as an official. This is known because Tjaunty's right hand is holding the same staff as in Hesy-ra's right hand in the Portrait Panel of Hesy-ra. (Janson and Janson 44) As for the inscriptions to the right of Tjaunty, this author is not able to definitively identify the meaning. It is assumed that it tells of Tjaunty's name, rank, and offers a funerary prayer. The Greeks were also another ancient civilization that i... ...d gives only a summed-up version of information about the owner. Granted, it is certain that a more glorified nature would be found in such as that of a pharaoh, but not so in those below the pharaoh. The Egyptian stele seems to represent an attitude of straight-forwardness (in keeping with the clarity and complete representation of the Egyptian style). As for the Greek stele, it is more intimate, a glance into a moment of that person's life (very naturalistic). The Roman stele is, without a doubt, glorifying. The Romans most certainly had an egotistical attitude about them. Why should it surprise anyone to see it within the art that was meant to memorialize them? Comparing these three civilizations has shown that a single element, used in different civilizations, may have the same intended use but the way each civilization goes about using this element can be quite different from one another. Bibliography: Gee, Robert. Egyptian Sculpture. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Janson, H.W. and A.F. Janson. History of Art: the Western Tradition. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2001. Rothermel, Johnathan Albert. The Art of Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Essay

While analyzing the formation of habits using behavioral and social/cognitive approach I will use personal scenarios to back my research on how habits form personalities. I will provide the reader with sequence of developmental habits and role models if any that contributed to the formation of my own habits. Next, I will discussing the reason why I’ve continue to repeat these habitual acts and how I have succeeded in break the negative habit. Then using the behavioral personality theory and the components of social/cognitive theory I will explain why and how I developed these habits. Last, using supportive facts from course readings of chapter six and seven with online citing and facts, I will compare the theories behavioral and social/cognitive and develop my own hypothesis on which theory I believe best describes my personality. When developing habits the self conscious mind forms an image to what it perceives to be a positive emotional connection, satisfaction, or rewarding feeling. Thus rejecting the negative approach and replacing it with capitalize or self sufficient compensation. The conditioned response would occur in response to stimuli that were similar to the conditioned stimulus, indicating that there was generalization of the conditioning, but the conditioned response would not occur for all possible similar stimuli, indicating the difference between different stimuli; this is called discrimination.(Friedman & Schustack, p. 187, 2012) Growing up I developed a few positive and negative habits that has helped me shape my personality and image. The positive habit being basketball and the negative habit being smoking. When I was about four or five years old I would watch basketball games with my cousins on television. At the time I don’t understand what was really going on, but I did know that all I wanted to do was dribble a basketball. Whenever I had a change to dribble a ball, any ball I did. By the time I was ten years old I was able  to dribble with both hands in an equal manner, basically hiding any dominate traits of my left hand dribble. At the age of seven I discovered the ultimate basketball player that lives to this day, Michael Jordan! I wanted to be like Mike, but the female version. Becoming the first woman to play basketball in the NBA. Losing the opportunity when the WNBA was developed and I was only about fifteen, I just settle with being the best that I could be. In high school I was consider popular because I was on the basketball team, but to me the popular students where the one’s everyone knew the seniors and juniors. During my sophomore year the older students started to notice me because of how well I played on the freshmen JV squid the year before. I was now on the varsity team and I wanted to fit in with the rest of the popular students. Some were a great influences and some werenâ €™t. The wrong influences had me try cigarettes. At first it was cool, but I hated the taste and I notice that my breathing wasn’t the same so I quit, but quickly developed a new habit. I began to use smoking as a cover up of my feeling of my relationship with my mom, but it was no longer cigarettes I had moved up to marijuana. I continued doing both habits for a very long time mentally training myself to smoke only on the weekends or breaks during my seasons of basketball and other sports I played. I was an A-, B+ student never causing any issues at home with my grandmother and going to church every Sunday, but like my grandma always said â€Å"eventually what in the dark will come to light.† I never truly notice how the weed was affecting me grades and social life. During my senior year in high school I was hanging with pot heads and barely going to class if I went to school. My A- and B+ were now B-, C’s, D’s, and a few F’s. It also started to effect my playing the coach would just let me sit o n the bench until I was ready to play. This was a very sad situation because M had been excepted to Syracuse University with a full ride as long as I keep me grade up and continued to flourish during the next basketball season. After losing my scholarship because of my grades slipping and my lack of participation on the court that year I know I hand to stop the weed habit because it was causing me to lose everything I worked hard to achieve. Quitting the marijuana habit I was able to go to the local community college and working my way back up the scale. I never got back the basketball scholarship opportunity, I did grow up to become a physical education teacher who also coaches basketball now and has  been an undefeated Charter School Girls champion for four year straight. Living me with the only habit of my love for basketball and teaching my developed skills to other potential basketball star athletes. Use the behavioral personality theory to explain why I had a smoking habits it has come to my attention that my smoking habit only occurred because I made it a routine act in my life. By giving the sustain a meaningful generalization of why it was needed created a repetitive action of usage that had a tr ue meaning. For example, this form habit could be compared to taking a shower, a essential act that must be preformed daily. â€Å"Consistency of everyday established life habits or behavioral dispositions to repeat well practiced actions given recurring circumstances.†(Smith, 2012, para.2) Through components of social/cognitive theory my habits may have formed because of my daily interaction with the wrong associates and environment. By constantly being around people who smoke cigarettes and marijuana it became a negative influential social gathering. Learning occurs in a social context with a dynamic and reciprocal interaction of the person, environment, and behavior which unique feature of SCT is the emphasis on social influence and its emphasis on external and internal social reinforcement.(â€Å"The Social Cognitive Theory,† 2013). When I decide to quit smoking I remember looking down at the joint in my hand and saying â€Å"this isn’t going to solve my problems it jus t seems to make things worse† and I vowed to never smoke again and I’ve been drug free for thirteen years with no urge to ever smoke again. Unfortunately everyone do not have as strong of a mind set as I had and must develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change their habit. If I had to create this plan for me the first thing I would do is develop a goal in which I feel is a reasonable amount of time to quite, let’s say thirty days. Next I would give myself a daily amount in which I can smoke and find a substitute of gum chew, healthy snack, or fun activity to do whenever I get the urge to smoke outside of my scheduled time. Each week I would make my intake smaller and increase my substitution activities until the urge has complete vanished. The decreasing of the substance is known as the extinction process that frequency of the organism’s producing a response gradually decreases when the response behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcement (Friedman & Schustack, p. 188, 2012) The social cognitive theory of personality must be deployed in two stages, first  develop awareness of problems and develop the motivation to change, and second involve the actual plan and implementation of change behavior. (Smith, 2012) After learning about the process between the behavioral and social/cognitive theories, I can say that both theories do represent part of my personality and cannot devote myself to any particular theory. I truly feel even though I may have started smoking because of who I socialized with. I do believe I only continued on with the addictive behavior because I made excuses for the behavior, creating my own valid reason to repeat this social substance abuse act even on my own. In conclusion I believe that both theories have a very strong base, but doubt that any real person can consist of only one theory when it comes to forming normal or additive habits. References Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2012). Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database Smith, N. (2012, January). How Personality and Behavior Influence Psychology. Article Myriad. Retrieved fromhttp://www.articlemyriad.com/personality-behavior-influence-psychology/ The Social Cognitive Theory. (2013, January). Behavioral Change Models, (), 1-7. Retrieved from http://sph.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/SB/SB721-Models/SB721-Models5.html

Swot Apple Case Study

While competitors do everything they can to keep costs down, Apple does what It can to make Its products deferent. In 2007, for the third year In a row, Apple was named as The Most Innovative Company by Businesslike. ; Strong leader. CEO Steve Jobs is â€Å"a legend for his design sense†. He is essential to the promotional aspect and public relations of Apple, especially when it comes to the pod. He is the â€Å"public face and champion of the brand†. He is also an expert when it comes to talking with the press, maintaining relationships with magazine editors, and creating new relationships.Jobs has the ability to think of Ideas that he is extremely passionate and energetic about and is always ready to share that idea to gain exposure. * Customer relationships (responsiveness to customer feedback). This ties into Steve Jobs' strong leadership as he takes action in response to customer feedback to show that the brand is listening and concerned. * Brand Exposure. Part of Apple's marketing strategy is Its retail stores. Apple has opened more than 200 retail stores located worldwide.Apple's retail stores contributed an estimated $200 million, 15 to 16% of Its profits during the past two years. The reasoning behind the stores is the belief that the more people can touch an Apple product and see also offer free group workshops, personal training, and personal assistance for Apple customers. * Strategic partnerships with well-known brands: Apple has created marketing agreements with Volkswagen of America, Burton Snowboards, Nikkei and Struck. This ties into consumer confidence as well as exposure through marketing partner advertisements. * Product design and features.Products that show superior qualities, that are easy to use and that have a high quality format, but mainly that show a clear product differentiation. * Strong financial performance: throng sales and potential growth, strong cash flows, an increasing net income, decreasing debt and controlle d inventory. Weaknesses * Profit per song is low: Even though tunes is simply used as a means to boost the sales of pods, phones and Apple TV's, Apple makes only approximately 10 cents per * Unpopular Apple TV features: users are not able to download a movie from song. Tunes directly to their TV; they have download it to their PC first. Apple TV requires a HDTV, but the movies that can be downloaded are of such low resolution that the picture looks fuzzy and old-fashioned, and lastly, it has no DVD drive. Hard time finalizing contracts with move studios because of pricing disputes. * Struggle with maintaining good supplier relationships. Many companies have expressed frustration working with Apple because Steve Jobs is very clear on his vision for his products and can tend to be controlling. Incompatible software in computer and digital music format. * 1% of the global cell phone business. Opportunities * Brand exposure through retail stores. * International growth and expansion. Ap ple is pursuing opportunities to sell the phone globally. It already has partnership agreements with cell phone carriers in France, Germany, and Great Britain. It has also entered the Middle East and Africa regions, ranking fifth next to Monika, Research In Motion, ETC, and Motorola.Apple is also trying to penetrate the Japanese market since it is one of the world's largest and most demanding mobile phone markets with almost 100 million mobile phone users. * Expansion in product line. Apple is trying to expand its product line to include media and software in addition to hardware. * Expansion in customer base. Apple is also trying to reach many different consumers rather than its traditional of tech- savvy consumers. Improvements in compatibility. * Improvements in strategic partnerships.Apple needs to search for more strategic partnerships and better its relationships with its suppliers so effective agreements can be reached. * Growth in new user segments Threats * Competitors' thr eats. Realizations sought a price war with Apple by dropping the price to $0. 49 per song and $4. 99 per album compared to Apple's price of $0. 99 and $9. 99 respectively. Realizations also launched technology called Harmony, which allows Realizations users to translate songs purchased from Relapse music to be played on Microsoft formats.Wall-Mart launched its own online music store and is currently the number one music retailer in the nation, followed by * Technology and entertainment industries are constantly and rapidly tunes. Changing so Apple has to find a way to keep its reputation related to innovative design. * Threat of start-up companies and competitors. The risk of new entrants is high in the player and music service businesses as well as in the mobile phone market, particularly from large, established consumer electronics companies, such as Cassia, Sony and Toshiba (for players) or from on-line companies like Yahoo andMicrosoft or retailers like Virgin Music (for downloa ds). Given the attractiveness of these markets, new competitors are likely to enter because of low barriers to entry. The notable acceptance and profit made by RIM's Blackberry demonstrate the potential of new entrants to increase rivalry. Due to the success of the phone and the Blackberry, other producers will undoubtedly attempt to imitate their appealing features and functional applications in order to create customer value and compete effectively with their own smart phones.In addition, Apple's exclusive use of Cingular/AT;T does not prevent the phone service provider from entering potentially harmful agreements with the company's competitors, such as its threatening relationship with rival Palm. * Apple's dominance and relative power in the music industry (as well as Jobs' reputation for control) may build resistance among film producers who are accustomed to maintaining their own levels of control over content. * Price sensitivity.The company's entrance into the mobile communi cations industry with the introduction of its phone has placed Apple in another highly competitive industry, where several large, well-funded, and experienced competitors operate. Price sensitivity on the part of consumers is very strong, and rivalry is especially fierce in this market. * A close look at Apple's competition reveals that the company is confronted by aggressive opposition in all areas of its business.The markets for consumer electronics, personal computers, related software and peripheral products, digital music devices and related services, and mobile communication devices are intensely competitive. They are characterized by rapid technological advancements, which have substantially increased the abilities and use of PC's, digital electronics, and mobile communication devices. As a result, a variety of new products with competitive price, feature, and performance characteristics are being introduced into the marketplace. Price competition in Apple's main product mark ets has been particularly fervent. Continuous downward pressure on Apple's margins as it is common for competitors selling personal computers based on other operating systems to aggressively cut prices and accept lower product margins to gain or maintain market share. * Other than price, key competitive factors in the computing market include product treasures, relative price/performance, product quality and reliability, design innovation, availability of software and peripherals, marketing and distribution capability, service and support, and corporate reputation.As the industry and its customers become more reliant on Internet connectivity, alternative (even substitute) devices are becoming increasingly smaller, simpler, and less expensive than traditional PC's. These devices compete for market share with Apple's desktop and content providers to offer integrated solutions that produce more value or exclude Apple from access to content.

The Collision Theory Essays

The Collision Theory Essays The Collision Theory Paper The Collision Theory Paper To help me explain the collision I am going to use information from Chemistry Made Clear by Gallagher and Ingram.In order for a reaction to occur the particles must meet and the collision must occur with enough energy. In the reaction I am investigating, the making of magnesium sulphate, the magnesium atoms and hydrogen ions must collide with enough energy to successfully react.Below are some diagrams to help show this:The word equation for this reaction is below:The symbol equation for this is below:If there are many successful collisions i.e. the reaction goes quickly then a lot of hydrogen will be produced i.e. the rate of reaction is fast.However if there isnt enough energy to carry out the reaction then the hydrogen ion will bounce off and nothing will happen.Acid TheoryWhen an acid dissolves in water the acid molecule splits up and hydrogen ions and anions are formed. Their quantity is different depending on the acid. If all the molecules of the acid split up completely then th e acid will have a very acidic pH number. We know all acids contain hydrogen, but strong acids have a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) per dm3.H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-Due to the fact the hydrogen ions are in a solution then, as the particulate theory matter tells us, the ions will be moving randomly throughout the solution. Some will hit the metal. If the ions that hit the metal have enough energy then a chemical reaction will occur and the metal will lose electrons which become metal cations. These bond with the hydrogen ions and become hydrogen atoms. These atoms bond in pair to form molecules which effervesce and escape as gas.Rates of ReactionThere are three factors that influence the speed of which magnesium reacts with sulphuric acid.I will look at each of these in detail.* The concentration of sulphuric acid.If the concentration of sulphuric acid is increased then the speed of the reaction will be increased. This is because with an increase in concentration then there will b e more hydrogen ions present. If there are more hydrogen ions then therefore the chances of a collision will be increased, and therefore the reaction will be faster.* The surface area of the magnesium.If a large block of magnesium is reacted with sulphuric acid then only a small amount of magnesium is actually exposed to the hydrogen ions. If the block of magnesium is broken up into small pieces then a larger area will be exposed. This increases the chances of collisions, and the more collisions they is the faster the rate of reaction.* The temperature of sulphuric acid.As mentioned earlier, particles need enough energy in the collision to react. This energy, also know as activation energy can be increased by increasing the temperature. So if the temperature of sulphuric acid is increased, then any collisions that occur will have the activation energy. This means the reaction will be faster.Now for this course work I am required to investigate just one of these factors. I can forget about investigating the temperature of the sulphuric acid as to investigate it in detail may be a safety issue as heating an acid is unwise. It would also be difficult to investigate the surface area of magnesium as to do so I would need five different forms of magnesium and my school only stocks three of these.So the easiest factor for me to investigate would be changing the concentration of sulphuric acid. This is quite easy as the actual experiment is quite straightforward and I can make my own dilutions of sulphuric acid.VariablesThe independent variable is what I am going to investigate; I will do so by changing the concentration of the acid.The dependant variable is what I will be measuring, that is the time taken for all the magnesium to dissolve.The controlled variables is what are going to stay the same to keep the investigation fair; i.e. the temperature of the acid, the temperature of the water, the total volume of acid solution, constant swirling and the size of the mag nesium ribbon.PredictionMy hypothesis is that the higher the concentration of sulphuric acid the faster the rate of reaction with the magnesium ribbon.I have predicted this because:All acids contain hydrogen, and hydrogen dissociates when it dissolves in water to produce ions. Sulphuric acid is one of the acids that dissociates completely to form a strong acid. Sulphuric acid will be very acidic on the pH scale and have a high concentration of hydrogen atoms as all its molecules will dissociate.Its word equation is:H2SO4 (aq) 2H+ (aq) + SO42-(aq)As long as there is enough activation energy then a chemical reaction will take place between magnesium and sulphuric acid and magnesium sulphate and hydrogen will be produced.The more successful collisions there are, the faster the rate of reaction.So if the concentration of sulphuric acid is increased and as long as there is enough activation energy then the rate of reaction will be faster.Apparatus:2 burette holders2 retort stands2 waste beakers1 stop clock1 30cm ruler1 pair scissors1 small plastic filter funnel1 piece sand paper1 pair safety goggles1 white tileChemicalsSulphuric acid 100g/dm310cm length magnesium ribbonWash bottle of distilled waterMethod- Firstly I shall sand the piece of magnesium down to remove the oxide,- Then I shall accurately divide my piece of magnesium into 10 1cm strips using scissors and a ruler.- I shall then zero two burettes, one with water and the other with sulphuric acid.- I shall then accurately add 25cm3 of sulphuric acid into my conical flask.- To this I shall add a single 1cm strip of magnesium starting the stop clock as soon as it enters the flask.- I shall listen and watch until the magnesium completely disappears then I shall stop the clock and record the time.- I shall then repeat this using the same volume of sulphuric acid making sure to zero the burettes.- I will then repeat the above from the third point until now using the values in my table.- By dividing the two times I recorded for a piece of magnesium to dissolve by two I can find out the average time taken for each different concentration.- By inverting my times as fractions (i.e. a time of 20 second which is 20 will become 11 20)I can find out a decimal number which represents Rate ofReactions-1.SafetyDuring this experiment I shall wear safety goggles as Sulphuric acid is corrosive and can burn skin, and, as some may be taken up with the hydrogen ions as they escape as a gas (i.e. acid spray) it is only sensible to wear safety goggles.Strategy for dealing with resultsI shall display my results in a table like the one below:Volume of Sulphuric Acidcm3Volume of Water cm3Concentration of Sulphuric acid g per dm3Time1sTime2sAverage Times(Rounded)Rate of Reaction s-1Rate of Reaction x 1000s-125025100=1002517.2814.54161 =0.06251662.523223100=922518.7817.78181 =0.05551855.518718100=722529.6928.84291 =0.034482934.4816916100=642540.8439.90401 =0.0254025101510100=40251121131131 =0.0088491138.85I will graphically demonstrate these results in a graph which I believe will look similar (if the times have been recorded accurately) to the one below:I have predicted the positive correlation in the graph above as I believe that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration. I believe that as the concentration of acid doubles the rate should also roughly double. I believe this as when the concentration doubles there are double the number of hydrogen ions present, so there are double the number of ions to collide with. This would mean the reaction should occur in half the time, so the rate at which the reaction took place doubles.I will make sure that the results I take are as accurate as they can be by using burettes instead of measuring cylinders as they are more accurate and have a control on how much liquid is poured.I will make sure I read the meniscus at eye level as to make my reading more accurate. I will also use a white tile and put it behind the meniscus to help me see it clearer.I will sand the magnesium as this will remove the oxide layer which forms and help the reaction to run smoother.I will make sure to start the stop clock at the exact moment the magnesium drops into the sulphuric acid as the reaction will tart then. As well as this I will stop the clock as soon as the magnesium has completely dissolved as this is when the reaction is over.Each different concentration shall have results taken twice to not only find an average time but to see if there has been an error. If an error has occurred I shall repeat the experiment a third time to find out which of my two previous times is incorrect.Also I shall have to make sure the controlled variables I mentioned earlier are kept the same throughout, i.e.The temperature of both liquid shall have to be kept the same, as will the total volume of the acid solution. I will have to make sure that all the pieces of magnesium ribbon are as close to one centimetre as I can possibly make them . The hardest variable I will have to keep the same shall be the constant swirling as it will be hard to keep it the same speed as the time before. All of the above have to be followed to make this experiment a fair test.Obtaining EvidenceMy Table of ResultsVolume of Sulphuric Acidcm3Volume of Water cm3Concentration of Sulphuric acid g per dm3Time1sTime2sAverage Times(Rounded)Rate of Reaction s-1Rate of Reaction x 1000s-125025100=1002517.2814.54161 =0.06251662.523223100=922518.7817.78181 =0.05551855.518718100=722529.6928.84291 =0.034482934.4816916100=642540.8439.90401 =0.0254025101510100=40251121131131 =0.0088491138.85The above is my filled in table of results. All the times are my original times and as they seem quite consistent I felt no need to have to repeat an experiment.I calculated the concentration by using the following calculation:Volume of sulphuric acid x100=ConcentrationVolume of water and acid i.e. 25I calculated average time by using the following formula:Time1 + Time 2 = Average Time2I calculated Rate of Reaction by inverting the Average Time in Fraction and then I calculated its value as a decimal.As you can see from my graph they appear to be quite accurate, but I shall go into more detail in the interpreting section.InterpretingI have drawn a graph to show the rate of reaction against the concentration of the solution. This graph is at the end of the interpreting section.From the table you can see quite clearly that as the concentration of the solution decreases, the time take for the reaction to take place increases. This is what I predicted in my hypothesis.ConclusionI conclude that the rate of this reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the acid which can be seen clearly from my graph. At a concentration of 40% the rate of reaction was 8.85s-1. The rate then quite steadily increased until, at a concentration of 100% the rate of reaction was 62.5s-1. These results strongly backup my conclusion. So, to increase the rate of reaction, the concentration of acid must be increased.My original prediction was:The higher the concentration of sulphuric acid the faster the rate of reaction with the magnesium ribbon.And I believed, if I drew a graph, it would look like this:I can now say that my original prediction was correct and my actual graph strongly matches the graph I made to show how I believe my results would look, i.e. there would be a strong trend showing that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution used.Scientific KnowledgeMagnesium is high up the reactivity series (a list showing how reactive the elements are) and as it is higher up than Hydrogen it means magnesium is more reactive and can displace hydrogen in order to gain stability (a full outer shell of electrons). By placing a piece of magnesium in a aqueous solution of sulphuric acid, the magnesium displaces the hydrogen, which escapes as a gas .Meanwhile, the magnesium is forming into magnesium catio ns which bond with the sulphuric anions and together they form a salt. The hydrogen ions, move randomly throughout the solution, some of which, if there is enough energy collide and successfully react with the magnesium.When the magnesium atoms loose atoms they become cations.This is known as an oxidation reaction as hydrogen ions take the place of the displaced electrons and join together to form molecules.As electrons are gained the below is a reduction reaction. The hydrogen molecules can escape as a gas which can be viewed and heard escaping from the solution.The full equation of the experiment isThis experiment is an example of a redox reaction, due to the fact oxidation and reduction both taking place.The magnesium is the reducing agent as it gives away its electrons quite easily.The hydrogen ions are the oxidising agents in this experiment as they remove the electrons. Should the number of hydrogen ions increase, then more electrons can be removed and the reaction can occur f aster. This can be observed when I used a 100% concentration of sulphuric acid, as there were a large number of hydrogen ions which increased the number of collisions with magnesium where electrons were lost, which increased the rate of reaction.So, to conclude my experiment:If the concentration of the solution is increased, and there is more sulphuric acid present then the rate of reaction with the piece of magnesium is increased.EvaluatingMy resultsOn my graph there is on point that is clearly off the line and two that are just barely on it. The one point that was off was my measurement for the rate of reaction taken for the solution with the concentration of 40gmd-3. It is this point however that I believe is anomalous, as the others are just on the line of best fit.The point recorded for a concentration of 40gmd-3 has a rate of reaction faster than the expected trend. There are several reasons for this. The first is that possible I made a mistake in the measuring and added too m uch acid to the solution which would have given me a result that was too fast. There is also the chance I swirled the solution faster than I had with the other volumes, which would also explain a result off the trend line. Also there is the possibility too little magnesium was added; either I sanded the strip too much, and removed magnesium as well as the oxide layer, or I cut this particular piece too small, but either way it would explain a fast rate of reaction, or through no fault of my own this piece of magnesium was thinner than the rest, i.e. a fault of the supplier.The last possibilities I can think of lie with the stop clock; either I stopped the stop clock too soon as perhaps the effervescence had dropped in noise level and the reaction was continuing when I thought it was over, or I started the experiment too late, while I attempted to drop the magnesium in, start swirling and start the clock all at once.I will now evaluate the two points that are just on the line. To me they are not anomalous, but they do stand out so I will evaluate what could have gone wrong. For the point with a concentration of 92gmd-3 the above possibilities that I have for the point at concentration at 40gmd-3 apply.However for the point at a concentration of 64gmd-3 there must be other reasons as it has a rate of reaction lower than the expected trend. It is possible that I didnt swirl the solution as fast as I had done for the other concentrations. Also it is possible I made a mistake in the measuring of the magnesium and added a piece that was too big which would have meant the reaction would have gone on for longer. Its also possible that I may have made a mistake in the volume of acid and added too little or I could have added too much water. Both of which could have given to a slower rate of reaction than expected. Then there is also the possibility that I may have not sanded the magnesium enough which could have left some of the oxide layer on, which would have slowed my reaction down. Finally it is possible that I stopped the clock too late.Analysis of ApparatusMeasuring ApparatusBurettes I still think using the Burettes were a good choice as I could very accurately control the amount of acid and water I was adding.Ruler- I felt this was a good choice as it enabled me to accurately measure out a 1cm strip of magnesium. However in combination with the scissors it was quite difficult to mark the length I needed to cut on the magnesium.Stop Clock- The stop clock I felt was awkward, as I felt an extra pair of hands were needed to start the clock while I put the magnesium into the conical flask and began swirling. Unfortunately I cannot think of another piece of apparatus I could have used in its place, so it was and is still the best choice open to me.Other ApparatusConical Flask- I feel a wider necked conical flask may have been better, as the piece of magnesium had a tendency to get stuck in the neck of the conical flask.Scissors- I dont really f ell these were adequate in conjunction with a ruler to measure the strips of magnesium off with as I had to scratch the 1cm lengths on the piece of magnesium with these and then remove the ruler to cut the magnesium.What would I do differently?If I had to repeat this experiment there are several things I would do differently.First of all I would use a magnetic stirring device instead of swirling the solution by hand which would remove the possibility of error.Second of all, in conjunction with the magnetic stirrer I would use a beaker as there would be no need to worry about the acid spilling over the side with the magnetic stirrer. This would also mean the piece of magnesium couldnt get stuck as the beaker has a very wide neck.Finally, I would have used some fresh, powered magnesium. This would mean there would be no oxide layer to worry about. Also I would by able to measure it accurately with a scale which could eliminate error that I could have got from having to use a ruler and scissors.Advice to the Medicine CompanyI would advise the company to conduct some large scale tests to find which concentration of sulphuric acid would be safe, as to speed up their reactions I am sure they would use other factors which would increase the rate of reaction; which with a high concentration of acid could cause an unstable reaction.An idea for the distribution of magnesium sulphate would be in the form of wipes which are easy to transport. The magnesium sulphate could be soaked into the wipes which would also prevent any magnesium sulphate being lost in the process because if any remained, it would be absorbed when more material is added.